All publications by Luc Steels

Gerasymova, K., Steels, L. and van Trijp, R. Aspectual Morphology of Russian Verbs in Fluid Construction Grammar. In Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., editor, Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pages 1370-1375, 2009. Cognitive Science Society  

Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M., Niessen, M. E. and Steels, L. NoiseTube: Measuring and mapping noise pollution with mobile phones. ITEE 2009 - Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering, pages 215-228, May 2009. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Proceedings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium in Thessaloniki, Greece, May 28-29, 2009  

Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M. and Steels, L. Measure and map noise pollution with your mobile phone. DIY:: HCI - A Showcase of Methods, Communities and Values for Reuse and Customization, pages 78-82, April 2009. Proceedings of the DIY for CHI workshop held on April 5, 2009 at CHI 2009 in Boston, MA, USA  

Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M., Niessen, M. E., Hanappe, P. and Steels, L. Citizen Noise Pollution Monitoring. dg.o '09: Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (Puebla,Mexico; May 17-20,2009), May 2009. Digital Government Society of North America / ACM Press.  

Steels, L. Modeling the Formation of Language in Embodied Agents: Methods and Open Challenges. In Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., editor, Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, pages 223-233, Springer. Berlin, 2009.

Steels, L. Modeling the Formation of Language: Embodied Experiments. In Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., editor, Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, pages 235-262, Springer. Berlin, 2009.

Steels, L. and Loreto, V. Modeling the Formation of Language: Conclusions and Future Research. In Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., editor, Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, pages 283-288, Springer. Berlin, 2009.

Steels, L. and Loetzsch, M. Babel: A Tool for Running Experiments on the Evolution of Language. In Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., editor, Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, pages 307-313, Springer. Berlin, 2009.

Bleys, J., Loetzsch, M., Spranger, M. and Steels, L. The Grounded Color Naming Game. Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (Ro-man 2009), 2009.  

Goldstone, R., Griffiths, T., Helbing, D., Gureckis, T. and Steels, L. The Emergence of Collective Structures Through Individual Interactions. In Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., editor, Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 2009. Cognitive Science Society.

Steels, L. Cognition and Social Dynamics Play a Major Role in the Formation of Grammar. In Bickerton, D. and Szathmáry, E., editor, Biological Foundations and Origin of Syntax, Strungmann Forum Reports (vol. 3 ), pages 345-368, MIT Press. Cambridge MA, 2009.

Steels, L. and Spranger, M. How Experience of the Body Shapes Language about Space. IJCAI'09: Proceedings of the 21st international joint conference on Artifical intelligence, pages 14-19, San Francisco, 2009. Morgan Kaufmann.  

Steels, L. Can Agent-Based Language Evolution Contribute to Archeology?. In d'Errico, F. and Hombert, J.M., editor, Becoming Eloquent: Advances in the Emergence of Language, Human Cognition, and Modern Cultures, pages 267-286, John Benjamins. Amsterdam, 2009.

Steels, L. and Loetzsch, M. Perspective Alignment in Spatial Language. In Coventry, K.R., Tenbrink, T. and Bateman, J.A., editor, Spatial Language and Dialogue, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 2008.  

Loetzsch, M., van Trijp, R. and Steels, L. Typological and Computational Investigations of Spatial Perspective. In Wachsmuth, I. and Knoblich, G., editor, Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans, LNCS (vol. 4930 ), pages 125-142, Berlin, 2008. Springer.  

Wang, E. and Steels, L. Self-Interested Agents can Bootstrap Symbolic Communication if They Punish Cheaters. In Smith, A. D. M. and Smith, K. and Ferrer-i-Cancho, R., editor, The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Evolution of Language, pages 362-369, Singapore, 2008. World Scientific.  

Steels, L. and Spranger, M. Can Body Language Shape Body Image?. In Bullock, S. and Noble, J. and Watson, R. and Bedau, M. A., editor, Artificial Life XI: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, pages 577-584, Cambridge, MA, 2008. MIT Press.  

Steels, L. and Vilarroya, O. Biological Roots of the Social Brain. Biological Theory, 3(1):93-98 2008.

Baronchelli, A., Loreto, V. and Steels, L. In-Depth Analysis of the Naming Game Dynamics: The Homogeneous Mixing Case. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 19(5):785-812 2008.  

Wellens, P., Loetzsch, M. and Steels, L. Flexible Word Meanings in Embodied Agents. Connection Science, 20(2-3):173-191 2008.  

Steels, L. and Spranger, M. The Robot in the Mirror. Connection Science, 20(4):337-358 2008.  

Steels, L. The Symbol Grounding Problem Has Been Solved. So What's Next?. In de Vega, M., editor, Symbols and Embodiment: Debates on Meaning and Cognition, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 2008.  

Galantucci, B. and Steels, L. The Emergence of Embodied Communication in Artificial Agents and Humans. In Wachsmuth, I. and Lenzen, M. and Knoblich, G., editor, Embodied Communication in Humans and Machines, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 2008.  

Steels, L., van Trijp, R. and Wellens, P. Multi-Level Selection in the Emergence of Language Systematicity. In Almeida e Costa, F., Rocha, L.M., Costa, E. and Harvey, I., editor, Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life, LNAI 4648 , Berlin, 2007. Springer-Verlag.  

Steels, L. The Recruitment Theory of Language Origins. In Lyon, C. and Nehaniv, C. L. and Cangelosi, A., editor, Emergence of Language and Communication, pages 129-151, Springer. Berlin, 2007.  

Steels, L. Fifty Years of AI: From Symbols to Embodiment - and Back. In Lungarella, M. and Iida, F. and Bongard, J. and Pfeifer, R., editor, 50 Years of Artificial Intelligence, Essays Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of Artificial Intelligence, LNAI (vol. 4850 ), pages 18-28, Berlin, 2007. Springer Verlag.  

Steels, L. Is Symbolic Inheritance Similar to Genetic Inheritance?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30(4):376-377 2007. Open peer commentary

Loreto, V. and Steels, L. Social Dynamics: Emergence of Language. Nature Physics, 3(11):758-760 2007.

Steels, L. Language Originated in Social Brains. In Vilarroya, O. and Forn i Argimon, F., editor, Social Brain Matters: Stances of Neurobiology of Social Cognition, pages 223-242, Editions Rodopi. Amsterdam, 2007.

Steels, L. and de Boer, B. Embodiment and Self-Organization of Human Categories: A Case Study for Speech. In Ziemke, T. and Zlatev, J. and Frank, R.M., editor, Body, Language, and Mind, Cognitive Linguistics Research (vol. 1: Embodiment ), pages 411-430, Mouton De Gruyter. Berlin, 2007.

Steels, L. How to do Experiments in Artificial Language Evolution and Why. In Cangelosi, A., Smith A. and Smith K., editor, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on, London, 2006. World Scientific Publishing.  

Steels, L. and J. De Beule Unify and Merge in Fluid Construction Grammar. In Vogt, P., Sugita, Y., Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C., editor, Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun, LNAI 4211 , pages 197-223, Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 2006.  

Aurnhammer, M., Hanappe, P. and Steels. L. Integrating Collaborative Tagging and Emergent Semantics for Image Retrieval. Proceedings WWW2006, Collaborative Web Tagging Workshop, May 2006.  

Baronchelli, Andrea, Felici, Maddalena, Loreto, Vittorio, Caglioti, Emanuele and Steels, Luc Sharp Transition Towards Shared Vocabularies in Multi-Agent Systems. Journal of Statistical Mechanics, P06014, 2006.  

Steels, L. Semiotic Dynamics for Embodied Agents. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(3):32-38 May/June 2006.  

Steels, L. Experiments on the Emergence of Human Communication. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(8):347-349 August 2006.  

Aurnhammer, M., Hanappe, P. and Steels, L. Augmenting Navigation for Collaborative Tagging with Emergent Semantics. International Semantic Web Conference, 2006.  

Steels, L. and P. Wellens How Grammar Emerges to Dampen Combinatorial Search in Parsing. In Vogt, P., Sugita, Y., Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C., editor, Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun, LNAI 4211 , pages 76-88, Berlin, 2006. Springer-Verlag.  

Steels, L. and Hanappe, P. Interoperability Through Emergent Semantics A Semiotic Dynamics Approach.. Lecture Notes in Computer Science , pages 143-167, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. 2006.  

Steels, L. Collaborative Tagging as Distributed Cognition. Pragmatics and Cognition, 14(2):287-292 2006.  

de la Mora-Basáñez, C.R., Guerra-Hernández, A. and Steels, L. Does Complex Learning Require Complex Connectivity?. In Sichman, J.S. and Coelho, H. and Rezende, S.O., editor, Proceedings of the Ibero-American AI Conference (IBERAMIA-SBIA 2006), LNAI (vol. 4140 ), pages 572-581, Berlin, 2006. Springer Verlag.  

De Beule, J. and L. Steels Hierarchy in Fluid Construction Grammar. In Furbach, Ulrich, editor, Proceedings of the 28th Annual German Conference on AI, KI 2005, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (vol. 3698 ), pages 1-15, Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. Springer Verlag.  

Steels, L. The Role of Construction Grammar in Fluid Language Grounding. Submitted, 2005.  

Steels, L. What triggers the emergence of grammar?. AISB'05: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Communication (EELC'05), pages 143-150, Hatfield, 2005. University of Hertfordshire.  

Steels, L. and Bleys, J. Planning What To Say: Second Order Semantics for Fluid Construction Grammars. In Bugarin Diz, A. and J. Santos Reyes, editor, Proceedings of CAEPIA '05. Lecture Notes in AI., Berlin, 2005. Springer Verlag.  

Steels, L. and Belpaeme, T. Coordinating Perceptually Grounded Categories Through Language: A Case Study For Colour. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28:469-529 2005.  

Steels, L. The Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Structure: From Lexical to Grammatical Communication Systems. Connection Science, 17(3-4):213-230 Sep-Dec 2005.  

Steels, L. and Belpaeme, T. The Semiotic Dynamics of Color. Behaviroral and Brain Sciences, 28(4):515-529 2005.

Steels, L., De Beule, J. and Neubauer, N. Linking in Fluid Construction Grammars. Proceedings of BNAIC. Transactions of the Belgian Royal Society of Arts and Sciences., pages 11-18, Brussels, 2005.  

Steels, L. Social and cultural learning in the evolution of human communication. In Kimbrough Oller, D. and Griebel, U., editor, Evolution of communication systems : A comparative approach, pages 69-90, The MIT Press. Cambridge, MA, 2004.  

Steels, L. Macro-operators for the Emergence of Construction Grammars. SONY CSL, 2004.  

Steels, L. Constructivist Development of Grounded Construction Grammars. In Daelemans, W., editor, Proceedings Annual Meeting of Association for Computational Linguistics, 2004.  

Steels, L. Analogies between Genome and Language Evolution. In Pollck, J. et al., editor, Artificial Life IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, pages 200-207, Cambridge, MA, 2004. The MIT Press.

Steels, L. The Architecture of Flow. In Tokoro, M. and Steels, L., editor, A Learning Zone of Oneś Own, pages 135-150, IOS Press. Amsterdam, 2004.  

Fumiya, I., Pfeifer, R., Steels, L. and Kunyoshi, K. Embodied Artificial Intelligence: Lecture Notes in AI. vol. 3139 , Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2004.

Steels, L. The Autotelic Principle. In Fumiya, I. and Pfeifer, R. and Steels,L. and Kunyoshi, K., editor, Embodied Artificial Intelligence, Lecture Notes in AI (vol. 3139 ), pages 231-242, Springer Verlag. Berlin, 2004.  

Steels, L. The Evolution of Communication Systems by Adaptive Agents. In Alonso, E., D. Kudenko and D. Kazakov, editor, Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Lecture Notes in AI (vol. 2636 ), pages 125-140, Springer Verlag. Berlin, 2004.  

Steels, L. Gallery Structure Formation in . In Schaal, S, A.J. Ijspeert, A. Billard, S. Vijayakumar, J. Hallam and J-A. Meyer, editor, From Animals to Animats 8: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, vol. 8 , pages 67-75, Cambridge, MA, 2004. The MIT Press.  

Steels, L. Fluid Construction Grammars: A brief Tutorial. Internet, 2004.  

Steels, L., De Beule, J., Neubauer, N. and Van Looveren, J. Fluid Construction Grammars: Interpretation. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Construction Grammars, Marseille, 2004.  

Steels, L., De Beule, J., Neubauer, N. and Van Looveren, J. Fluid Construction Grammars: Production. Poster presentation at the International Conference on Construction Grammars, Marseille, 2004.  

Tokoro, M. and Steels, L. A Learning Zone of One's Own: Sharing Representations ans Flow in Collaborative Learning Environments. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2004.

Steels, L. Language-reentrance and the Ínner Voice'. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 10(4-5):173-185 2003.  

De Jong, E.D. and Steels, L. A Distributed Learning Algorithm for Communication Development. Complex Systems, 14(4-5):315-334 2003.  

Steels, L. Evolving grounded communication for robots. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7(7):308-312 July 2003.  

Manuel, T.L. Creating a Robot Culture: An Interview with Luc Steels. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 18(3):59-61 May/June 2003.  

Steels, L. Intelligence with representation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 361(1811):2381-2395 October 2003.  

Steels, L. Linguistique évolutionaire et vie artificielle. Vie Artificielle: Technique et sciences informatiques RSTI série TSI, 22(2):197-219 2003.

Steels, L. Social Language learning. pages 133-162, IOS Press. Amsterdam, 2003.  

Steels, L. and Baillie, J.-C. Shared grounding of event descriptions by autonomous robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 43(2-3):163-173 2003.  

Tokoro, M. and Steels, L. The Future of Learning: Issues and Prospects. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2003.

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and Van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Wray, A., editor, The Transition to Language, pages 252-271, Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK, 2002.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Bootstrapping grounded word semantics. In Briscoe, T., editor, Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models, pages 53-74, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK, 2002.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Bootstrapping grounded word semantics. In Briscoe, T., editor, Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models, pages 53-74, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK, 2002.  

Steels, L. Simulating the Evolution of a Grammar for Case. Presented at the 4th International Conference on the Evolution of Language, Harvard University, 2002.  

Steels, L. Iterated Learning versus Language Games. Two models for cultural language evolution. In Hemelrijk, C. and Bonabeau, E., editor, Proceedings of the International Workshop of Self-Organization and Evolution of Social Behaviour, Zurich, 2002. University of Zurich.  

Steels, L. Emergent Semantics. IEE Intelligent Systems, 17(1):83-85 2002.  

Steels, L. Mieux comprendre les hommes. La Recherche: Les nouveaux robots, 350:72-76 2002.

Steels, L. Social learning and verbal communication with humanoid robots. Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, pages 335-342, Piscataway, NY, 2001. IEEE Press.  

Steels, L. The role of language in learning grounded representations. In Cohen, P.R. and Oates, T., editor, Learning grounded representations: Papers from the 2001 AAAI Spring Symposium, pages 80-83, Menlo Park, CA, 2001. AAAI Press.  

Steels, L. Grounding symbols through evolutionary language games. In Cangelosi, A. and Parisi, D., editor, Simulating the evolution of language, pages 211-226, Springer Verlag. London, 2001.  

Steels, L. Language games for autonomous robots. IEEE Intelligent systems, 16(5):16-22 October 2001.  

Steels, L. The methodology of the artificial. Behavioral and brain sciences, 24(6):1077-1078 2001.  

Steels, L. Social learning and language acquisition. Presented at the workshop on Social Robotics, Spain, July 2001.

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. AIBO's first words: The social learning of language and meaning. Evolution of Communication, 4(1):3-32 2000.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. AIBO's first words: The social learning of language and meaning. Evolution of Communication, 4(1):3-32 2000.  

Kaplan, F. and Steels, L. Comment les robots construisent leur monde : Experiences sur la convergence des catégories sensorielles. In Dessalles, J-L., editor, Journée ARC Evolution et Cognition, pages 13-18, December 2000. ENST Paris, ENST 2000-S-004.  

Steels, Luc Language as a Complex Adaptive System. In Schoenauer, M., editor, Proceedings of PPSN VI: Lectur notes in Computer Science, Lecture Notes in Computer Science , pages 17-26, Berlin, September 2000. Springer-Verlag.  

Steels, Luc Language as a Complex Adaptive System. In Schoenauer, M., editor, Proceedings of PPSN VI: Lectur notes in Computer Science, Lecture Notes in Computer Science , pages 17-26, Berlin, September 2000. Springer-Verlag.  

Steels, Luc The Emergence of Grammar in Communicating Autonomous Robotic Agents. In Horn, W., editor, ECAI 2000: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Life, pages 764-769, Amsterdam, August 2000. IOS Publishing.  

Steels, Luc The Emergence of Grammar in Communicating Autonomous Robotic Agents. In Horn, W., editor, ECAI 2000: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Life, pages 764-769, Amsterdam, August 2000. IOS Publishing.  

Steels, L. A brain for language. Proceedings of the 3rd Sony CSL Paris Symposium: The ecological brain, Paris, 2000.

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., editor, Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference, pages 214-217, Paris, 2000. ENST 2000 S 002.  

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., editor, Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference, pages 214-217, Paris, 2000. ENST 2000 S 002.  

Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J. Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning. In Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., editor, Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference, pages 214-217, Paris, 2000. ENST 2000 S 002.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Origine et évolution du langage : expériences robotiques. Revue du Palais de la Découverte, 278:63-67 May 2000.  

Steels, L. and Oudeyer, P-Y. The cultural evolution of syntactic constraints in phonology. Artificial Life VII: Proceedings of the seventh International Conference on Artificial Life, pages 382-394, Cambridge, MA, 2000. The MIT Press.  

Steels, Luc Mirror Neurons and the Action Theory of Language Origins. Architectures of the Mind, Architectures of the Brain, September 2000.  

Steels, Luc Mirror Neurons and the Action Theory of Language Origins. Architectures of the Mind, Architectures of the Brain, September 2000.  

Steels, L. The puzzle of language evolution. Kognitionswissenschaft, 8(4):143-150 2000.  

Steels, L. The puzzle of language evolution. Kognitionswissenschaft, 8(4):143-150 2000.  

Steels, L. Kognitive Roboter und Teleportation: Artefacte reagieren auf ihre Umwelt und erfinden sich eine Sprache. In Maar, Ch. and Obrist, H.U. and Pöpel, E., editor, Weltwissen Wissenwelt: Das globale Netz von Text und Bild, pages 175-184, Dumont-Verlag. Köln, 2000.

McIntyre, A., Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Net-mobile embodied agents. Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 1999, Tokyo, 1999.  

Steels, L. The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language. In Muggleton, S., editor, Machine Intelligence 15, pages 205-224, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 1999.  

Steels, L. The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language. In Muggleton, S., editor, Machine Intelligence 15, pages 205-224, Oxford University Press. Oxford, 1999.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Collective learning and semiotic dynamics. In Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F., editor, Advances in Artificial Life: 5th European Conference (ECAL 99), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1674 , pages 679-688, Berlin, 1999. Springer-Verlag.  

Steels, L. The Talking Heads Experiment. Volume 1. Words and Meanings. Laboratorium, Antwerpen, 1999.

Steels, L. and McIntyre, A. Spatially Distributed Naming Games. Advances in complex systems, 1(4):301-323 January 1999.  

Steels, L. and McIntyre, A. Spatially Distributed Naming Games. Advances in complex systems, 1(4):301-323 January 1999.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Amorçage d'une sémantique lexicale dans une population d'agents autonomes, ancrés et situés. In Amsili, P., editor, Traitement automatique du langage naturel 1999, pages 393-398, Cargèse, Corse, 1999.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Situated grounded word semantics. In Dean, T., editor, Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI'99, pages 862-867, San Francisco, CA., 1999. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Situated grounded word semantics. In Dean, T., editor, Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI'99, pages 862-867, San Francisco, CA., 1999. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.  

Steels, L. How language bootstraps cognition. In Wachsmutt, I. and Jung, B., editor, KogWis '99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, pages 1-3, Braunschweig, 1999. Infix.  

Kaplan, F., Steels, L. and McIntyre, A. An architecture for evolving robust shared communication systems in noisy environments. Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 1998, Tokyo, 1998.  

Steels, L. The Origins of Ontologies and Communication Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems. Journal of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 1(2):169-194 1998.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Spontaneous Lexicon Change. Proceedings of COLING-ACL 1998, pages 1243-1250, San Francisco, CA, August 1998. Morgan Kaufmann.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Spontaneous Lexicon Change. Proceedings of COLING-ACL 1998, pages 1243-1250, San Francisco, CA, August 1998. Morgan Kaufmann.  

Steels, L. Structural Coupling of Cognitive Memories Through Adaptive Language Games. In Pfeifer, R. and Blumberg, B. and Meyer, J-A and Wilson, S., editor, From Animals to Animats 5: Proceedings of SAB 98, pages 263-269, Cambridge, CA, 1998. The MIT Press.  

Steels, L. The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents.. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1-2):133-156 1998.  

Steels, L. The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents.. Artificial Intelligence, 103(1-2):133-156 1998.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games. In Adami, C. and Belew, R. and Kitano, H. and Taylor, C., editor, Proceedings of Artificial Life VI, pages 368-376, Cambridge, MA, June 1998. The MIT Press.  

Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games. In Adami, C. and Belew, R. and Kitano, H. and Taylor, C., editor, Proceedings of Artificial Life VI, pages 368-376, Cambridge, MA, June 1998. The MIT Press.  

Steels, L. Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning Using Co-evolution, Self-organisation and Level formation. In Hurford, J. and Knight, C. and Studdert-Kennedy, M., editor, Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive bases, pages 384-404, Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, 1998.  

Steels, L. Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning Using Co-evolution, Self-organisation and Level formation. In Hurford, J. and Knight, C. and Studdert-Kennedy, M., editor, Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive bases, pages 384-404, Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, 1998.  

Steels, L. The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents. Artificial Intelligence, 103:133-156 1998.  

Steels, L. The Origin of Linguistic Categories. Presented at Conference of the Evolution of Language in 1998, 1998.  

Steels, L. The Synthetic Modeling of Language Origins. Evolution of Communication Journal, 1(1):1-34 1997.  

Steels, L. The Synthetic Modeling of Language Origins. Evolution of Communication Journal, 1(1):1-34 1997.  

Steels, L. The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents. In Pollack, M., editor, Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 1632-1641, San Francisco, CA, 1997. Morgan Kauffman Publishers.  

Steels, L. The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents. In Pollack, M., editor, Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 1632-1641, San Francisco, CA, 1997. Morgan Kauffman Publishers.  

Steels, L. and Vogt, P. Ancrage de Jeux de Langage Adaptatifs dans des Agents Robotiques. In Ali Cherif, A. and Signorini, J., editor, Intelligence Artificielle et Complexité, pages 27-39, Paris, 1997.

Steels, L. and Vogt, P. Grounding Adaptive Language Games in Robotic Agents. In Harvey, I. and Husbands, P., editor, Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life, pages 474-482, Cambridge, MA, 1997. The MIT Press.  

Steels, L. Language Learning and Language Contact. In Daelemans, W. and Van den Bosh, A. and Weijters, A., editor, Workshop Notes of the ECML/MLnet Familiarization Workshop on Empirical Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks, pages 11-24, ECML/MLnet. Prague, 1997.  

Steels, L. Constructing and Sharing Perceptual Distinctions. In van Someren, M. and Widmer, G., editor, Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Machine Learning, pages 4-13, Berlin, 1997. Springer-Verlag.  

Steels, L. Constructing and Sharing Perceptual Distinctions. In van Someren, M. and Widmer, G., editor, Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Machine Learning, pages 4-13, Berlin, 1997. Springer-Verlag.  

Steels, L. Self-Organizing Vocabularies. In Langton, C. and Shimohara, T., editor, Artificial Life V: Proceeding of the Fifth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, pages 179-184, Cambridge, MA, 1997. The MIT Press.  

Steels, L. Emergent Adaptive Lexicons. In Maes, P. and Mataric, M. and Meyer, J.-A. and Pollack, J. and Wilson, S.W., editor, From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference On Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, pages 562-567, Cambridge, MA, 1996. The MIT Press.  

Steels, L. Perceptually Grounded Meaning Creation. In Tokoro, M., editor, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, pages 338-344, Menlo Park, CA, 1996. AAAI Press.  

Steels, L. A self-organizing spatial vocabulary. Artificial Life Journal, 2(3):319-332 1996.  

Steels, L. The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Life Journal, 1(1):89-125 1994.

Steels, L. and Brooks, R. The `artificial life' route to `artificial intelligence'. Building Situated Embodied Agents.. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass, New Haven, 1994.

Steels, L. and J-C. Baillie Evolving grounded communication for robots. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7(7):308-312 July 0.

Steels, L. The Architecture of Flow. In Tokoro, M. and L. Steels, editor, A Learning Zone of Oneś Own, IOS Press. 0.